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EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS
Education
SEC 1.
The State shall protect and promote the right of all
citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take
appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.
SEC. 2.
The State shall:
(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate,
and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of
the people and society;
(2) Establish and maintain a system of free public education
in the elementary and high school levels. Without limiting
the natural right of parents to rear their children,
elementary education is compulsory for all children of
school age;
(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants,
student loan programs, subsidies, and other incentives which
shall be available to deserving students in both public and
private schools, especially to the underprivileged;
(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning
systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and
out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond
to community needs; and
(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school
youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and
other skills.
SEC. 3.
(1) All educational institutions shall include the study of
the Constitution as part of the curricula.
(2) They shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster
love of humanity, respect for human rights, appreciation of
the role of national heroes in the historical development of
the country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship,
strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral
character and personal discipline, encourage critical and
creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological
knowledge, and promote vocational efficiency.
(3) At the option expressed in writing by the parents or
guardians, religion shall be allowed to be taught to their
children or wards in public elementary and high schools
within the regular class hours by instructors designated or
approved by the religious authorities of the religion to
which the children or wards belong, without additional cost
to the Government.
SEC. 4.
(1) The State recognizes the complementary roles of public
and private institutions in the educational system and shall
exercise reasonable supervision and regulation of all
educational institutions.
(2) Educational institutions, other than those established
by religious groups and mission boards, shall be owned
solely by citizens of the Philippines or corporations or
associations at least sixty per centum of the capital of
which is owned by such citizens. The Congress may, however,
require increased Filipino equity participation in all
educational institutions.
The control and administration of educational institutions
shall be vested in citizens of the Philippines.
No educational institution shall be established exclusively
for aliens and no group of aliens shall comprise more than
one-third of the enrollment in any school. The provisions of
this subsection shall not apply to schools established for
foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents and,
unless otherwise provided by law, for other foreign
temporary residents.
(3) All revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit
educational institutions used actually, directly, and
exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from
taxes and duties. Upon the dissolution or cessation of the
corporate existence of such institutions, their assets shall
be disposed of in the manner provided by law.
Propriety educational institutions, including those
cooperatively owned, may likewise be entitled to such
exemptions subject to the limitations provided by law
including restrictions on dividends and provisions for
reinvestment.
(4) Subject to conditions prescribed by law, all grants,
endowments, donations, or contributions used actually,
directly, and exclusively for educational purposes shall be
exempt from tax.
SEC. 5.
(1) The State shall take into account regional and sectoral
needs and conditions and shall encourage local planning in
the development of educational policies and programs.
(2) Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of
higher learning.
(3) Every citizen has a right to select a profession or
course of study, subject to fair, reasonable, and equitable
admission and academic requirements.
(4) The State shall enhance the right of teachers to
professional advancement. Non-teaching academic and
non-academic personnel shall enjoy the protection of the
State.
(5) The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to
education and ensure that teaching will attract and retain
its rightful share of the best available talents through
adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction
and fulfillment.
Language
SEC. 6.
The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it
evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the
basis of existing Philippine and other languages.
Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem
appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and
sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official
communication and as language of instruction in the
educational system.
SEC. 7.
For purposes of communication and instruction, the official
languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until
otherwise provided by law, English.
The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages
in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of
instruction therein.
Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and
optional basis.
SEC. 8.
This Constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and
English and shall be translated into major regional
languages, Arabic, and Spanish.
SEC. 9.
The Congress shall establish a national language commission
composed of representatives of various regions and
disciplines which shall undertake, coordinate, and promote
researches for the development, propagation, and
preservation of Filipino and other languages.
Science and Technology
SEC. 10.
Science and technology are essential for national
development and progress. The State shall give priority to
research and development, invention, innovation, and their
utilization; and to science and technology education,
training, and services. It shall support indigenous,
appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and technological
capabilities, and their application to the country's
productive systems and national life.
SEC. 11.
The Congress may provide for incentives, including tax
deductions, to encourage private participation in programs
of basic and applied scientific research. Scholarships,
grants-in-aid, or other forms of incentives shall be
provided to deserving science students, researchers,
scientists, inventors, technologists, and specially gifted
citizens.
SEC. 12.
The State shall regulate the transfer and promote the
adaptation of technology from all sources for the national
benefit. It shall encourage the widest participation of
private groups, local governments, and community-based
organizations in the generation and utilization of science
and technology.
SEC. 13.
The State shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of
scientists, inventors, artists, and other gifted citizens to
their intellectual property and creations, particularly when
beneficial to the people, for such period as may be provided
by law.
Arts and Culture
SEC. 14.
The State shall foster the preservation, enrichment, and
dynamic evolution of a Filipino national culture based on
the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free
artistic and intellectual expression.
SEC. 15.
Arts and letters shall enjoy the patronage of the State. The
State shall conserve, promote, and popularize the nation's
historical and cultural heritage and resources, as well as
artistic creations.
SEC. 16.
All the country's artistic and historic wealth constitutes
the cultural treasure of the nation and shall be under the
protection of the State which may regulate its disposition.
SEC. 17.
The State shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights
of indigenous cultural communities to preserve and develop
their cultures, traditions, and institutions. It shall
consider these rights in the formulation of national plans
and policies.
SEC. 18.
(1) The State shall ensure equal access to cultural
opportunities through the educational system, public or
private cultural entities, scholarships, grants and other
incentives, and community cultural centers, and other public
venues.
(2) The State shall encourage and support researches and
studies on the arts and culture.
Sports
SEC. 19.
(1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage
sports programs, league competitions, and amateur sports,
including training for international competitions, to foster
self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the
development of a healthy and alert citizenry.
(2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular
sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with
athletic clubs and other sectors. |
